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Kernel debugger

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A kernel debugger is a <a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">debugger</a> present in some <a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">operating system kernels</a> to ease debugging and kernel development by the kernel developers. A kernel debugger might be a stub implementing low-level operations, with a full-blown debugger such as <a href="GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GNU Debugger</a> (gdb), running on another machine, sending commands to the stub over a <a href="Serial_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial line">serial line</a> or a network connection, or it might provide a command line that can be used directly on the machine being debugged.

Operating systems and operating system kernels that contain a kernel debugger:

<ul><li>The <a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> family includes a kernel debugger named KD,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> which can act as a local debugger with limited capabilities (reading and writing kernel memory, and setting breakpoints)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and can attach to a remote machine over a serial line, <a href="IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE 1394</a> connection, <a href="Universal_Serial_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB 2.0</a> or <a href="USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a> connection.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The <a href="WinDbg" title="WinDbg">WinDbg</a> <a href="GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> debugger can also be used to debug kernels on local and remote machines.</li>

<li><a href="BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a> and <a href="Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku</a> include a kernel debugger usable with either an on-screen console or over a serial line. It features various commands to inspect memory, threads, and other kernel structures. In Haiku, the debugger is called "Kernel Debugging Land" (KDL).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li>

<li><a href="DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>; No kernel debugger was included in the mainline Linux tree prior to version 2.6.26-rc1 because <a href="Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> didn't want a kernel debugger in the kernel.<a href="#cite_note-linus-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

<ul><li>KDB (local)<a href="#cite_note-kdb-7">[7]</a></li>

<li><a href="KGDB" title="KGDB">KGDB</a> (remote)</li>

<li>MDB (local/remote)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> has DDB for local and KGDB for remote.</li>

<li><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> has ddb for local and kdp for remote.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a> includes ddb which has a syntax is similar to <a href="GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GNU Debugger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/debuggers-in-the-debugging-tools-for-windows-package">"Debugging Environments"</a>. Debugging Tools for Windows (WinDbg, KD, CDB, NTSD). Retrieved 16 February 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/performing-local-kernel-debugging">"Local Kernel-Mode Debugging"</a>. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/performing-kernel-mode-debugging-using-kd">"Live Kernel-Mode Debugging Using KD"</a>. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haiku-os.org/documents/dev/welcome_to_kernel_debugging_land/">"Welcome to Kernel Debugging Land"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-linus-5"><a href="#cite_ref-linus_5-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/2000/0914/a/lt-debugger.php3">"LWN.net"</a>. Retrieved 29 May 2008.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTorvalds2008" class="citation web cs1">Torvalds, Linus (3 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/280912/">"Linux 2.6.26-rc1"</a>. LWN. Retrieved 9 March 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-kdb-7"><a href="#cite_ref-kdb_7-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFNellitheertha" class="citation web cs1">Nellitheertha, Hariprasad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621041048/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-kdbug/index.html">"Inside the Linux kernel debugger"</a>. <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-kdbug/index.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/297281/">"LWN Weekly Kernel News"</a>. 7 September 2008.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322085319/http://jeffmerkey.github.io/linux/">"MDB Github Website"</a>. 1 January 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeffmerkey.github.io/linux">the original</a> on 22 March 2016.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/394146/">"LWN Weekly Kernel News"</a>. 28 June 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSingh2003" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Amit (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602233536/http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html">"XNU: The Kernel"</a>. What is Mac OS X?. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2012. <q>the built-in low-level kernel debugger, ddb, is part of XNU's Mach component, and so is kdp, a remote kernel debugging protocol implementation</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://man.openbsd.org/ddb">"ddb(4)"</a>. OpenBSD manual page server. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019. <q>The ddb debugger provides a means for debugging the kernel, and analysing the kernel after a system crash ("panic"), with a gdb(1)-like syntax.</q></cite>

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